1. Coastal Texas property owners who cannot obtain windstorm and hail coverage in the voluntary market may use the:

Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA)

TWIA is the residual market providing windstorm and hail coverage in designated coastal areas.

2. Texas property owners unable to obtain basic property insurance in the voluntary market may apply to the:

Texas FAIR Plan Association

The Texas FAIR Plan Association is the property insurer of last resort for eligible applicants.

3. The Texas residual market that makes medical professional liability coverage available is the:

Joint Underwriting Association (JUA)

The Texas Medical Liability Insurance Joint Underwriting Association provides medical liability coverage to eligible applicants.

4. A commercial umbrella policy generally provides:

Excess limits above underlying policies and may drop down to cover some claims not insured by the underlying policy (subject to a self-insured retention)

An umbrella sits above scheduled underlying coverages, provides higher limits, and may drop down (subject to an SIR) for claims the underlying does not cover.